In pursuit of efficiency and quality in CNC machine tool processing, the CNC system not only incorporates intelligent functions such as automatic programming, feedforward control, fuzzy control, self-learning control, automatic generation of process parameters, 3D tool compensation, and dynamic compensation of motion parameters, but also features a fault diagnosis expert system, enhancing self-diagnosis and fault monitoring capabilities. The servo drive system is intelligent, capable of automatically sensing load changes and optimizing and adjusting parameters.
Domestic CNC systems are striving to develop towards intelligence, introducing some intelligent technologies. For example, Huazhong's "Zhonghua 8" and Cain Di's K1000TIV, both CNC systems have intelligent functions such as self-diagnostic capabilities, real-time status display, and real-time fault alarms, and are further enriching and improving intelligent technologies.
The intelligent technologies integrated into the CNC systems produced by foreign companies such as Siemens, Fanuc, and Mitsubishi are more abundant. There is still a significant gap between domestic CNC systems and these foreign ones. For example, Siemens' SINUMERIK 828D BASIC M has intelligent coordinate conversion functionality for cylindrical part processing, comes with the SINUMERIK M Dynamics process package, and includes all "Precision Surface" functions, enabling efficient processing and achieving excellent surface quality. Fanuc's Oi-D and Oi-DMate have contour intelligent control functions. The 30i/31i/32i/35i-MODEL B series CNC systems are new artificial intelligence nanoscale systems that can flexibly support boring and milling machining centers, multi-axis linkage compound machining centers for CNC lathes, and more. Intelligent technology has made a significant contribution to improving the production efficiency of CNC machining tools, and it must be taken seriously.
Currently, there are primarily two types of numerical control devices: NC and CNC. A numerical control device composed of hardware logic circuits is referred to as an NC device; a numerical control device jointly composed of computer hardware and software is known as a CNC numerical control device. Hardware serves as the physical foundation for software operation, while software is the soul of the entire CNC operation and function realization. NC is gradually being replaced by CNC.
Modern open-type CNC devices are primarily CNC devices developed on a PC platform. China's "Huazhong 8-type" CNC device adopts an open hardware and software architecture based on multi-processors and innovative bus technology. The hardware is cross-platform, and the software can be replaced, featuring multi-level open functionality for both hardware and software. Beijing Caindi's K1000TIV CNC device uses an open PLC, providing debugging software to support user secondary development. Guangzhou Numerical Control's GSK25i CNC device also uses an open PLC, supporting online editing of PLC ladder diagrams, diagnosis, and signal tracking functions.
The networked technology of numerical control primarily refers to the network connection and control between the numerical control system and other external control systems or host computers. The numerical control system first connects to the internal local area network of the enterprise, and then transmits data to the outside of the enterprise via the Internet. This is known as Internet/Intranet. The network enables cross-regional collaborative design, collaborative manufacturing, information sharing, remote monitoring, remote diagnosis, and services between enterprises. The network provides complete production data information for manufacturing, allowing processing programs to be transmitted to remote machine tools for processing, as well as remote diagnosis and command adjustment. The network connects scattered numerical control machine tools from different locations, enabling them to coordinate and optimize adjustments in a unified manner, thus enabling product processing to be carried out not only within a single factory but also through socialized production.
The development of information integration in China's machinery manufacturing enterprises has also been relatively rapid, achieving information network integration at both the workshop and enterprise levels. The development prospects of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) networking are vast, but there is still a long way to go before truly realizing cross-enterprise and cross-regional information networks.
The pursuit of high precision and high quality in the machining of workpieces by CNC machine tools necessitates that the CNC machine tools themselves possess such capabilities. To this end, the structure and layout of the CNC machine tools, as well as the selection of materials, must be designed to enhance rigidity and load-bearing capacity, ensuring high precision. Simultaneously, the CNC system, servo drive system, transmission system, and measuring sensors must also exhibit high resolution and high precision to fulfill the requirements of high precision and high quality in machining workpieces.
