Sensor based CNC lathes are one of the most important components. Without sensors, CNC lathes cannot be CNC controlled and can only be described as manual lathes. A sensor is a device or equipment that can sense a specified measured object and convert it into a usable output signal according to certain rules. Its input signal (measured) is often non electric, and the output signal is often an easily processed electric quantity, such as voltage.
There are many types of sensors with different classification standards and names. Common ones include resistance sensors, inductive sensors, capacitive sensors, temperature sensors, piezoelectric sensors, Hall sensors, thermocouple sensors, photoelectric sensors, digital position sensors, etc. The sensors mainly used in CNC machine tools include photoelectric encoders, linear gratings, proximity switches, temperature sensors, Hall sensors, current sensors, voltage sensors, pressure sensors, liquid level sensors, rotary transformers, induction synchronizers, speed sensors, etc. They are mainly used to detect position, linear displacement and angular displacement, speed, pressure, temperature, etc.
Requirements for sensors in CNC machine tools:
(1) High reliability and strong anti-interference ability;
(2) Meet the requirements of accuracy and speed;
(3) Easy to use and maintain, suitable for machine tool operating environment;
(4) Low cost.
Different types of CNC machine tools have different requirements for sensors. Generally speaking, large machine tools require high speed response, while medium and high-precision CNC machine tools mainly require accuracy.
The definition of economical CNC machine tool refers to a CNC machine tool with targeted machining functions but low functional level and low price. Economic CNC machine tools are mainly composed of two parts: mechanical and electrical control, and their faults can be divided into mechanical faults and control system faults according to the fault source; According to the operating conditions, it can be divided into non operating category, operating category with irregular processing size deviation, and operating category with regular processing size deviation; From the perspective of numerical control systems, they can be divided into three categories: hardware failures, software failures, and interference failures.
Economic CNC lathe is a high-precision and high-efficiency automated machine tool. Equipped with multi station turret or power turret, it has a wide range of machining performance and can process complex workpieces such as straight cylinders, oblique cylinders, arcs, and various threads, grooves, worms, etc. Widely used in the processing and manufacturing of electrical appliances, instrumentation industry, automotive and motorcycle parts, fasteners, bearings, photographic equipment, film machinery, hardware tools and clocks, eyes, cultural and educational supplies, motors, valves, gas pipes and other high-precision complex parts, it is an ideal high-efficiency equipment for the hardware machinery processing industry.
Economic CNC lathes have developed on the basis of ordinary lathes, but their automation level has been greatly improved. The automatic control system of an economical CNC lathe is mainly composed of a microcontroller, which controls the longitudinal and transverse feed devices and tool changing devices of the machine tool through a control program to automatically complete the machining of parts.
The processing methods of economical CNC lathes are also different. The program running of an economical CNC lathe ends, and the tool cannot return to zero. The main reason for this phenomenon is usually caused by a control system malfunction. The tool requires low-speed operation during feed or machining, and the stepper motor operates at a lower speed. Low voltage power supply is used for power supply. When the program returns to zero, it is required to quickly retract. At this time, high-speed operation of the stepper motor is required, and a high-voltage driving power supply is used to increase the output torque and ensure normal return to zero. There is a switching transistor that controls the output of the high-voltage driving power supply. When the switching transistor is damaged and returns to zero at high speed, the high-voltage power supply cannot be turned on, and the output torque of the stepper motor is insufficient, causing the tool to return to zero and lose steps. To solve this problem, replace the switching transistor.
